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The first Christians to encounter Islam were not Latin-speakers
from the western Mediterranean or Greek-speakers from
Constantinople but Mesopotamian Christians who spoke the Aramaic
dialect of Syriac. Under Muslim rule from the seventh century
onward, Syriac Christians wrote the most extensive descriptions
extant of early Islam. Seldom translated and often omitted from
modern historical reconstructions, this vast body of texts reveals
a complicated and evolving range of religious and cultural
exchanges that took place from the seventh to the ninth century.
The first book-length analysis of these earliest encounters,
Envisioning Islam highlights the ways these neglected texts
challenge the modern scholarly narrative of early Muslim conquests,
rulers, and religious practice. Examining Syriac sources including
letters, theological tracts, scientific treatises, and histories,
Michael Philip Penn reveals a culture of substantial interreligious
interaction in which the categorical boundaries between
Christianity and Islam were more ambiguous than distinct. The
diversity of ancient Syriac images of Islam, he demonstrates,
revolutionizes our understanding of the early Islamic world and
challenges widespread cultural assumptions about the history of
exclusively hostile Christian-Muslim relations.
Despite their centrality to the history of Christianity in the
East, Syriac Christians have generally been excluded from modern
accounts of the faith. Originating from Mesopotamia, Syriac
Christians quickly spread across Eurasia, from Turkey to China,
developing a distinctive and influential form of Christianity that
connected empires. These early Christians wrote in the language of
Syriac, the lingua franca of the late ancient Middle East, and a
dialect of Aramaic, the language of Jesus. Collecting key
foundational Syriac texts from the second to the fourteenth
centuries, this anthology provides unique access to one of the most
intriguing, but least known, branches of the Christian tradition.
The first Christians to meet Muslims were not Latin-speaking
Christians from the western Mediterranean or Greek-speaking
Christians from Constantinople but rather Christians from northern
Mesopotamia who spoke the Aramaic dialect of Syriac. Living under
Muslim rule from the seventh century to the present, Syriac
Christians wrote the first and most extensive accounts of Islam,
describing a complicated set of religious and cultural exchanges
not reducible to the solely antagonistic. Through its critical
introductions and new translations of this invaluable historical
material, When Christians First Met Muslims allows scholars,
students, and the general public to explore the earliest
interactions between what eventually became the world's two largest
religions, shedding new light on Islamic history and
Christian-Muslim relations.
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